PARIS—France and Germany were moving closer on a comprehensive package to stabilize the euro zone that would bolster the firepower of the bloc's rescue fund and strengthen the region's banks, the countries' finance ministers said Friday, though officials cautioned they were still working on many of the details. French and German finance ministers Friday said they have made progress on delivering a comprehensive package to stabilize the euro zone. Meanwhile the cost of the collateral Greece is expected to provide its creditors has zoomed up. Charles Forelle reports live from Paris. Finance ministers and central-bank chiefs from the Group of 20 leading nations were meeting here Friday and Saturday, with the threat the euro zone's crisis poses to the rest of the world economy and financial system dominating discussions. France's President Nicolas Sarkozy gestures at Germany's Finance Minister Wolfgang Sch??uble after a meeting at the Elys??e Palace in Paris. Meeting ahead of that gathering, French Finance Minister François Baroin and his German counterpart Wolfgang Schäuble said the two governments have developed specific agreements to present to other European countries at a summit in Brussels on Oct. 23. The package—first promised by German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy last Sunday—includes maximizing the force of the euro zone's bailout fund and finding a solution for Greece's debts. "We also made progress on the shared plan to recapitalize banks," Mr. Baroin told reporters after a meeting with Messrs. Schäuble and Sarkozy. As Portugal announces further austerity cuts and Spain experiences another ratings cut, G-20 finance ministers talk to the IMF about a possible role in the euro-zone crisis. France and Germany hold the key to resolving the biggest question hanging over global financial markets: how to boost the European Financial Stability Facility's firepower without requiring nations to contribute further funding or guarantees. According to a European Union official familiar with the situation, Germany and France are weighing two models but leaning towards using the fund to insure bonds from euro-zone countries.
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itler's fierce anti-Soviet rhetoric was one of the reasons why the UK and France decided that Soviet participation in the 1938 Munich Conference regarding Czechoslovakia would be both dangerous and useless.[20] The Munich Agreement that followed[21] marked a partial German annexation of Czechoslovakia in late 1938 followed by its complete dissolution in March 1939,[22] which is seen as part of an appeasement of Germany conducted by Chamberlain's and Daladier's cabinets.[23] This policy immediately raised the question of whether the Soviet Union could avoid being next on Hitler's list.[24] The Soviet leadership believed that the West may want to encourage German aggression in the East[25] and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.[26]
For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone.[27] Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials.[28] After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939.[29] The third Soviet Five Year Plan required massive new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[27][30]
On 31 March 1939, in response to Nazi Germany's defiance of the Munich Agreement and occupation of Czechoslovakia,[31] the United Kingdom pledged the support of itself and France to guarantee the independence of Poland, Belgium, Romania, Greece, and Turkey.[32] On 6 April Poland and the UK agreed to formalize the guarantee as a military alliance, pending negotiations.[33] On 28 April, Hitler denounced the 1934 German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact and the 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement.[34]
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